Changes: Punch

Latest revision as of 10:10, 19 May 2018

A Punch is a strike with a closed fist to inflict damage on the opponent, it is most commonly used in Boxing.

Types[]

Undefeated champion Rocky Marciano inflicts heavy punch upon his opponent.

There are four basic punches in boxing: the jab, cross, hook and uppercut. Any punch other than a jab is considered a power punch. If a boxer is right-handed (orthodox), his left hand is the lead hand and his right hand is the rear hand. For a left-handed boxer or southpaw, the hand positions are reversed. For clarity, the following discussion will assume a right-handed boxer.

Name	Description
	Cross	A direct straight punch similar to the jab, except delivered with the rear hand. Power is generated through the rotation of the hips.
	Jab	The jab is a straight blow delivered with the arm above the lead foot. This punch must land from the knuckles and not from a flat fist. It is generally used for distraction.
	Hook	A punch involving the use of turning to aim toward the side of the head or body. This punch must land from the very tips of the knuckles and not from a flat fist.
	Uppercut	The fist is raised vertically towards the target, usually the head or upper body. Since most guards are held with the arms in a vertical position, the uppercut can be used to avoid the opponent's attempts at blocking. This punch must land from the very tips of the knuckles and not from a flat fist.

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+A '''Punch''' is a strike with a closed fist to inflict damage on the opponent, it is most commonly used in [[Boxing]].
-{{refimprove|date=September 2007}}
+== Types ==
-{{infobox martial art term
+[[File:Dt.common.streams.StreamServer.jpg|250px|right|Undefeated champion [[Rocky Marciano]] inflicts heavy punch upon his opponent.]]
-| title    = Punch
+There are four basic punches in boxing: the jab, cross, hook and uppercut. Any punch other than a jab is considered a power punch. If a boxer is right-handed (orthodox), his left hand is the lead hand and his right hand is the rear hand. For a left-handed boxer or southpaw, the hand positions are reversed. For clarity, the following discussion will assume a right-handed boxer.
-| pic      = Jab punch.jpeg
-| piccap   = A [[jab]]
-}}
-A '''punch''' is a [[strike (attack)|striking]] blow with the closed fist.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/punch |title=Punch &#124; Define Punch at Dictionary.com |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-09}}</ref> It is used in some [[martial art]]s and [[combat sport]]s, most notably [[boxing]] where it is the only type of technique allowed. In sports, [[hand wrap]]s or other padding such as gloves may be used to protect athletes and practitioners from injuring themselves.<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Ringside.com | url = http://www.ringside.com/WrapYourHands.aspx | title = The Proper Way to Wrap Your Hands | accessdate = 2007-07-29 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070426032249/http://www.ringside.com/WrapYourHands.aspx <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2007-04-26}}</ref><ref>Ballard, Willie L. "[http://www.freepatentsonline.com/5295269.html Portable Hand Wrap]" Mar 22. 1994. Retrieved on June 29, 2007.</ref>
-The use of punches varies between different martial arts and combat sports.  Styles such as boxing or [[Russian fist fighting]] utilize punches alone, while others such as [[kickboxing]] or [[karate]] may use punches as secondary to [[kick]]s. Others such as [[wrestling]] and [[judo]] do not utilize punches at all.  There are many different types of punches and as a result, different styles encompass varying types of punching techniques.
-== Basic types ==
-[[File:Lead hand uppercut.jpg|thumb|left|180px|An [[uppercut]]]]
-{{Refimprove section|date=November 2008}}
-This is not a comprehensive list of all punches, due to the large diversity of schools of practice whose techniques, employing arm, shoulder, hip and leg work, may invariably differ.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-!Name 1
+!Name
-!Name 2
 !Description
 |-
+|[[File:800px-Drop3.jpg|150px]]
-|colspan=2|Arm Punch
+|[[Cross|Cross]]
-|Used in combat sports in which the body is not used for leverage, and the force of the punch comes from the arm. Arm punches are notably weaker than punches in which the whole body is used. Arm punches are initially intended to hit the same side of the face by which the arm is thrown from - for example, if a left punch is thrown, the fist will make direct contact on the left side of the opponent's face. This is commonly misconstrued for a hook, which, in this case, if you strike with the left fist, you will hit the right side of your opponent's face.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://heavyfists.com/increase-punching-power | title = Checklist for increasing punching power | accessdate = 2009-11-19 }}</ref>
+|A direct straight punch similar to the jab, except delivered with the rear hand. Power is generated through the rotation of the hips.
 |-
+|[[File:800px-Jab7.jpg|150px]]
-|colspan=2|Backfist
+|[[Jab]]
-|A backfist is performed by forming a fist and striking with the tops of the two largest knuckles.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oyama|first=Masutatsu|title=Mas Oyama's Classic Karate|year=2004|publisher=Sterling; Chrysalis (distributor)|location=New York: London|isbn=1-4027-1287-1|coauthors=Translated by Tomoko Murakami|pages=16–17}}</ref> A ''spinning backfist'' is performed when the attacker swivels 360 degrees before landing the punch, adding extra momentum to the attack. The fighter will lunge and begin spinning toward the side of the opponent of which fist he or she will attack with.  Simpler terms, go to the left, spin to the left and connect with the left fist and vice versa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifafitness.com/kickbox/upper/backfist.htm |title=IFA Kickboxing Library - Spinning Backfist |publisher=Ifafitness.com |date= |accessdate=2011-11-09}}</ref>
+|The jab is a straight blow delivered with the arm above the lead foot. This punch must land from the knuckles and not from a flat fist. It is generally used for distraction.
 |-
+|[[File:800px-Crochet1.jpg|150px]]
-|colspan=2|Chambered Punch
+|[[Hook|Hook]]
-|A strike commonly performed in karate, kung fu, and tae kwon do, originating from a "chambered" position.
+|A punch involving the use of turning to aim toward the side of the head or body. This punch must land from the very tips of the knuckles and not from a flat fist.
 |-
+|[[File:800px-Uppercut2.jpg|150px]]
-|[[Cross (boxing)|Cross]]
+|[[Uppercut]]
-|Straight
+|The fist is raised vertically towards the target, usually the head or upper body. Since most guards are held with the arms in a vertical position, the uppercut can be used to avoid the opponent's attempts at blocking. This punch must land from the very tips of the knuckles and not from a flat fist.
-|A direct straight punch similar to the jab, except delivered with the rear hand. Power is generated through the rotation of the hips.<ref>{{cite web|last=Scully|first=John|title=Learn To Box|url=http://www.saddoboxing.com/learn.html|publisher=Saddo Boxing|accessdate=25 June 2012|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/68h3dmJIF|archivedate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Difference between a cross and a straight punch|url=http://heavyfists.com/right-cross-straight-right-difference|accessdate=14 August 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Jab]]
-|The jab is a straight blow delivered (generally from a distance) with the arm above the lead foot ... The punch is quick and explosive." It is generally used for distraction, keeping distance, setting up, and defense.<ref>{{cite web|title=Jab Punch|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-71117|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|accessdate=29 June 2007|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071013145009/http://www.britannica.com/eb/art-71117/Jab-The-jab-is-a-straight-blow-delivered-with-the|archivedate=13 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jab punch|url=http://www.all-karate.com/140/jab-punch-kizami-zuki|publisher=All-Karate.com|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Leopard Blow|Long Fist]]
-|By tucking the fingertips against the bottom knuckle of each finger, a long fist is formed. They offer decreased strength but increased reach. The striking surface is also narrower, which allows the fist to dig between ribs and other soft target areas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bear|first=Ike|title=Kung Fu Leopard Style Hand Strikes and Method|url=http://www.ehow.co.uk/video_2356893_kung-fu-leopard-style-hand.html|work=[http://www.ehow.co.uk/videos-on_1777_kung-fu-fighting-self-defense.html Kung Fu Fighting for Self Defense]|publisher=eHow|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|Hammer Fist
-|A compacted fist is brought down upon the target, usually using the side of the hand or wrist.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oyama|first=Masutatsu|title=Mas Oyama's Classic Karate|year=2004|publisher=Sterling; Chrysalis (distributor)|location=New York: London|isbn=1-4027-1287-1|coauthors=Translated by Tomoko Murakami|page=26}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|Haymaker
-|A punch in which the arm is whipped sideways from the shoulder joint with minimal elbow bend. The name is derived from the motion, which mimics the action of manually cutting hay by swinging a [[scythe]]. The haymaker is considered an imperfect/impure punch, as the angle of approach is unsupported by the remainder of the forearm. Since a haymaker's power is derived completely from weight transfer and momentum instead of muscle contraction, a long windup is required to generate sufficient force. Haymakers, in the form of shoulder punches, are frequently used from a [[Mount (grappling)|mounted position]] in [[mixed martial arts]] as part of the "[[ground and pound]]" method, as the legs cannot be used to generate power. These punches leave the person vulnerable to a counter punch during the wind up, if blocked, or if the haymaker misses generally when both combatants are standing.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mongold|first=Brian|title=How to Throw a Punch|url=http://www.eazycheezy.net/2010/04/how-to-throw-a-punch-by-guest-author-the-wolf.html|publisher=Eazycheezy.net|accessdate=25 June 2012|author=The Wolf}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Hook (boxing)|Hook]]
-|A punch involving the use of turning to aim toward the side of the head or body.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hook Punch Technique|url=http://www.physical-arts.com/training/techniques/mn_hook_punch.html|publisher=Physical-Arts.com|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Drop (boxing)|Overhand]]
-|A semi-circular and vertical punch thrown with the rear hand. It is usually when the opponent is [[Bobbing (boxing)|bobbing]] or [[slipping]]. The strategic utility of the drop relying on body weight can deliver a great deal of power.
-|-
-|colspan=2|Shovel Hook
-|A close range punch that is halfway between a hook and an uppercut. Shovel hooks are most commonly used to strike the body at a 45 degree angle. For example, a liver shot can be done using a shovel hook.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shovel Hook|url=http://www.boxing4free.com/punches/38-shovel-hook.html|publisher=Boxing4Free.com|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Uppercut]]
-|The fist is raised vertically towards the target, usually the head or upper body. Since most guards are held with the arms in a vertical position, the uppercut can be used to avoid the opponent's attempts at blocking.
-|-
-|colspan=2|Upset Punch
-|Starts with the fist in the chambered position, with the palm facing downwards, delivered to the abdomen or solar plexus.
-|-
-|colspan=2|Casting Punch
-|This is a punch used in [[Sambo (martial art)|Sambo]] and [[Mixed martial arts|MMA]] that starts with a forward motion of the shoulders, which causes the bent arm to whip forward to the opponent. This punch can often cause the opponent to be put in a clinch if it misses at close range.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaplowitz|first=Matthew|title=How to Throw the Fedor Punch|url=http://www.thefightnerd.com/casting-punch-aka-fedor-punch/|publisher=TheFightNerd.com|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-|-
-|colspan=2|[[Superman punch|Superman Punch]]
-|A '''superman punch''' or '''diving punch''' is a technique used in [[Muay Thai]], full contact [[karate]] and [[mixed martial arts]] fighting. The striker will lunge toward the opponent pushing off with the back foot punching with the opposite arm of the leg used to push off with although there may be variations depending on the fighter. The pose should resemble that of Superman, hence the name.
-|-
-|colspan=2|Sucker Punch
-| A punch that takes your enemy by surprise, possibly knocking them out or otherwise incapacitating them. Could be an unexpected blow to the stomach or a strike from behind that the victim did not see coming.<ref>{{cite web|title=Sucker punch|url=http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=sucker%20punch|publisher=Urban Dictionary|accessdate=17 July 2012}}</ref>
 |}
-== Styles ==
-[[File:Slow motion abdomen punch.ogv|thumb |alt=A slow motion shows a man getting punched in the abdomen. Ripples spread out from the point of contact as the punched man moves back.|A man being punched in the abdomen.]]
-<!--  Commented out: [[File:WilliamsvsKolle24.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A boxer punches his opponent via jabbing.]] -->
-=== Boxing ===
-{{main|Boxing punches}}
-In boxing, punches are classified according to the motion and direction of the strike; contact is always made with the knuckles. There are four primary punches in boxing: the [[jab]], [[Cross (boxing)|cross]], [[Hook (boxing)|hook]], and [[uppercut]].
-[[Image:JJS Karate Kids on Training.jpg|left|200px|thumb|A karateka performing a 'reverse punch' or [[gyaku zuki]]]]
-=== Karate ===
-[[File:Seiken.png|thumb|Seiken]]
-Punching techniques in [[Karate]] are called ''[[tsuki]]'' or ''zuki''.  Contact is made with the first two knuckles (''seiken'').<ref>{{cite book|last=Oyama|first=Masutatsu|title=Mas Oyama's Classic Karate|year=2004|publisher=Sterling; Chrysalis (distributor)|location=New York: London|isbn=1-4027-1287-1|coauthors=Translated by Tomoko Murakami|page=13}}</ref> If any other part of the hand is used to strike with, such as the back of the fist (''uraken'') or the bottom of the fist (''tetsui''), then the blow is classified as a [[strike (attack)|strike]] (uchi).
-Karate punches include the thrust punch ''[[Oi zuki|oi-zuki]]'' made using the lead-hand, straight punch ''[[choku-zuki]]'', reverse punch ''[[gyaku-zuki]]'', made from the opposite hand, and many other variations.<ref>{{cite book|last=Funakoshi|first=Gichin|title=Karate-dō Nyūmon: The Master Introductory Text|year=1994|publisher=Kodansha International|location=Tokyo|isbn=4-7700-1891-6|coauthors=Translated by John Teramoto|pages=51–52, 64–65}}</ref>
-== Records ==
-The [[Guinness World Record]] for the '''Most full contact punch strikes in one minute''' is held by [[Jim Fung]]'s student, [[Robert Ardito]], who performed 805 punches in one minute (more than 13 punches per second for a full minute) at the [[International Wing Chun Academy]] in Sydney on the 18th of March, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|last=McDougall|first=Liz|title=Punching World Record Reclaimed!|url=http://www.wingchun.edu.au/updates/news/09-04-2009/punching-world-record-reclaimed-robert-ardito|publisher=WingChun.edu|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Guinness World Records - Must full contact punch strikes in one minute|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/4000/most-full-contact-punch-strikes-in-one-minute|work=Guinness World Records|publisher=GuinnessWorldRecords.com|accessdate=25 June 2012}}</ref>
-== References ==
-{{reflist}}
-== External links ==
-* [http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=74  Kung Fu magazine:One punch-The Wing Chun Warrior's Attack Strategy]
-* [http://www.maniacworld.com/bruce-lee-punch.html Bruce Lee discusses the Jeet Kune Do punch]
-* [http://www.learnhowtobox.com/boxing-punches/  Basic Boxing Punches]
-{{Karate schools}}
-{{Kung fu schools}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Punch (Combat)}}
 [[Category:Punches (combat)| ]]
 [[Category:Pain infliction methods]]